What procedure is used to learn who is calling and sometimes the reason for the call?

The correct procedure for learning who is calling and sometimes the reason for the call is call screening. Call screening involves a process where incoming calls are assessed, often by using features that allow the recipient to see caller information before deciding to answer. This can include identifying the caller’s name, number, and sometimes additional context or purpose of the call, especially if the caller has left a voicemail or used an automated message system.

In contrast, while caller ID informs the recipient of the caller's phone number and, frequently, the caller’s name, it does not provide insight into the purpose of the call. Call forwarding sends incoming calls to a different number, and call logging records details of calls made and received, such as the time and duration but does not provide live information about incoming callers. Thus, call screening specifically emphasizes the proactive assessment of a call's content and context, making it the most relevant choice for learning who is calling along with the possible reason for the call.